Thursday, March 31, 2011

Kenya - Mount Kenya

"Situated on the equator about 180 km north of Nairobi, Mount Kenya is a solitary mountain of volcanic origin. A belt of moist Afromontane forest (1,800 to 3,200 meters above sea level) changes to a zone of tree-like heather at about 3,200 meters, and further up to moorlands and grasslands. Mount Kenya National Park was already established in 1949 and became a biosphere reserve in1978. In 1997, Mount Kenya National Park and adjacent forest reserves were inscribed on the World Heritage List. As in several other mountain areas of eastern Africa, Mount Kenya has become under increasing human pressure in recent decades. Assessments have identified the following major threats: illegal logging of camphor (Ocotea usambarensis), cedar (Juniperus procera), wild olive (Olea europaea) and East African rosewood (Hagenia abyssinica), cultivation of marijuana and other crops, abuse of the ‘shamba’ reforestation system, uncontrolled charcoal production, livestock grazing, landslides and fires. Mount Kenya is also important since it constitutes a major water reservoir for its foothills and adjacent areas. Increasing conflicts over water resources provide the background for an assessment of the complex ecological and socio-economic dynamics of the highland-lowland system of Mount Kenya and the adjacent upper Euaso Ng’iro North Basin. The biosphere reserve concept is hoped to provide an efficient framework to implement the recommendations given in both studies. The involvement of society, decision-makers, various institutions and scientists in the planning and implementation is one of the main tasks of the biosphere reserve in the future." Source: UNESCO MAB

Mount Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa. Mount Kenya National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Niger - Aïr et Ténéré

"Aïr et Ténéré Biosphere Reserve covers 24 million hectares in the north of Niger, in the Agadez region of the arid Saharan region. This area is one of the driest zones in the country and it encompasses two geographic regions. Aïr is a mountainous massif made of crystalline and volcanic rocks and was one of the first areas with metalworking by early mankind. Ténéré is made up of quaternary sands (fine alluviums, disc-shaped sands of aeolian origin and moving sand dunes). Several species of primates, such as olive baboon (Papio anubis), patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas), Cape Dassie (Procavia capensis) and carnivores (caracal, hyena) are relict populations of the area which date from the humid period of the Holocene era. Other species are in a precarious situation due to low population numbers, such as Loder’s gazelle (Gazella leptoceros), Dama gazelle (Gazella dama), addax and ostrich. The flora comprises about 300 higher plants. The area is also renowned for its numerous archaeological and pre-historic sites, with rock engravings indicative of ancient human settlement. Depending on the season, up to 39,000 inhabitants live within the biosphere reserve boundaries (1997), who are depending on camel and goat raising, agriculture, small businesses and handicrafts., Plundering of archaeological sites by tourists and poaching are two of the main problems the biosphere reserve is facing today." Source: UNESCO
Niger – Izouzadene – Blue Mountains is part of Air and Tenere National Park. Received this postcard from Niger.

Sunday, January 30, 2011

List

Today on January 31, 2011, I am started to collect postcards representing the MAB or UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program which aims to set a scientific basis for the improvement of the relationships between people and their environment globally. There are 564 biosphere reserves in 109 countries - some of these biospheres are in or overlap with UNESCO World Heritage sites.

"-" = missing postcards
"*" = already have postcard

AFRICA 73 biosphere reserves in 32 countries

ALGERIA
- Tassili N'Ajjer
- El Kala
- Djurdjura
- Chrea
- Taza
- Gouraya

BENIN
- Pendjari
- 'W' Region Transboundary BR (BEN/BFA/NER)

BURKINA FASO
- Mare aux hippopotames
- 'W' Region Transboundary BR (BEN/BFA/NER)

CAMEROON
- Waza
- Benoué
- Dja

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
- Basse-Lobaye
- Bamingui-Bangoran

CONGO
- Odzala
- Dimonika

DEMOCRATIC REP.OF CONGO
- Yangambi
- Luki
- Lufira

COTE D'IVOIRE
- Taï
- Comoé

EGYPT
- Omayed
- Wadi Allaqi

ETHIOPIA
- Kafa
- Yayu

GABON
- Ipassa-Makokou

GHANA
- Bia

GUINEA
- Mont Nimba
- Massif du Ziama
- Badiar
- Haut Niger

GUINEA-BISSAU
- Boloma Bijagós

KENYA
* Mount Kenya
- Mount Kulal
- Malindi-Watamu
- Kiunga
- Amboseli
- Mount Elgon

MADAGASCAR
- Mananara Nord
- Sahamalaza-Iles Radama
- Littoral de Toliara

MALAWI
- Mount Mulanje
- Lake Chilwa Wetland

MALI
- Boucle du Baoulé

MAURITANIA/SENEGAL
- Delta du Fleuve Sénégal

MAURITIUS
- Macchabee/Bel Ombre

MOROCCO
- Arganeraie
- Oasis du sud marocain

NIGER
* Aïr et Ténéré
- 'W' Region Transboundary BR (BEN/BFA/NER)

NIGERIA
- Omo

RWANDA
- Volcans

SENEGAL
- Samba Dia
- Delta du Saloum
- Niokolo-Koba
- Delta du Fleuve Sénégal Transboundary BR (MRT/SEN)

SOUTH AFRICA
- Kogelberg
- Cape West Coast
- Waterberg
- Kruger to Canyons
- Cape Winelands
- Vhembe

SUDAN
- Dinder
- Radom

TANZANIA
- Lake Manyara
* Serengeti-Ngorongoro
- East Usambara

TUNISIA
- Djebel Bou-Hedma
- Djebel Chambi
- Ichkeul
- IIes Zembra et Zembretta

UGANDA
- Queen Elizabeth
- Mount Elgon

ZIMBABWE
- Middle Zambezi


Arab States 26 biosphere reserves in 12 countries. See Africa for Arab countries in Africa.

JORDAN
- Dana

LEBANON
- Shouf
- Jabal Al Rihane
- Jabal Moussa

SYRIA
- Lajat

QATAR
- Al Reem
- Dinder
- Radom

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- Marawah

YEMEN
* Socotra Archipelago


ASIA AND PACIFIC 107 biosphere reserves in 28 countries

AUSTRALIA
- Croajingolong
- Kosciuszko
* Macquarie Island
- Prince Regent River
- Unnamed
- Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga)
- Yathong
- Fitzgerald River
- Hattah-Kulkyne & Murray-Kulkyne
- Wilson's Promontory
- Riverland
- Mornington Peninsula and Western Port
- Barkindji
- Noosa
- Great Sandy

CAMBODIA
* Tonle Sap

CHINA
- Changbaishan
- Dinghushan
- Wolong
- Fanjingshan
- Xilin Gol
* Wuyishan
- Bogeda
- Shennongjia
- Yancheng
- Xishuangbanna
- Maolan
- Tianmushan
- Fenglin
- Jiuzhaigou Valley
- Nanji Islands
- Shankou Mangrove
- Baishuijiang
- Gaoligong Mountain
* Huanglong
- Baotianman
- Saihan Wula
- Dalai Lake
* Wudalianchi
- Yading
- Foping
- Qomolangma
- Chebaling
- Xingkai Lake

INDIA
- Nilgiri
- Gulf of Mannar
- Sunderban
- Nanda Devi
- Nokrek
- Pachmarhi
- Similipal

INDONESIA
- Cibodas
- Komodo
- Lore Lindu
- Tanjung Puting
- Gunung Leuser
- Siberut
- Giam Siak Kecil – Bukit Batu

IRAN
- Arasbaran
- Arjan
- Geno
- Golestan
- Hara
- Kavir
- Lake Oromeeh
- Miankaleh
- Touran
- Dena

JAPAN
- Mount Hakusan
- Mount Odaigahara & Mount Omine
- Shiga Highland
* Yakushima Island

KOREA, NORTH
- Mount Paekdu
- Mt. Kuwol
- Mount Myohyang

KOREA, SOUTH
* Mount Sorak
* Jeju Island
- Shinan Dadohae
- Gwangneung Forest

KYRGYZSTAN
- Sary-Chelek
- Issyk Kul

MALAYSIA
- Tasik Chini

MICRONESIA
- Utwe
- And Atoll

MONGOLIA
- Great Gobi
- Boghd Khan Uul
- Uvs Nuur Basin
- Hustai Nuruu
- Dornod Mongol
- Mongol Daguur

PAKISTAN
- Lal Suhanra

PALAU
- Ngaremeduu

PHILIPPINES
- Puerto Galera
* Palawan

SRI LANKA
- Hurulu
* Sinharaja
- Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya (KDN)
- Bundala

THAILAND
- Sakaerat
- Hauy Tak Teak
- Mae Sa-Kog Ma
- Ranong

TURKMENISTAN
- Repetek

UZBEKISTAN
- Mount Chatkal

VIETNAM
- Can Gio Mangrove
- Cat Tien
- Cat Ba
- Red River Delta
- Kien Giang
- Western Nghe An
- Mui Ca Mau
- Cu Lao Cham – Hoi An

EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA 261 biosphere reserves in 33 countries

AUSTRIA
- Gossenköllesee
- Gurgler Kamm
- Lobau
- Neusiedler See
- Grosses Walsertal
- Wienerwald

BELARUS
- Berezinskiy
- Belovezhskaya Pushcha
- Pribuzhskoye Polesie

BULGARIA
- Steneto
- Alibotouch
- Bistrichko Branichté
- Boitine
- Djendema
- Doupkata
- Doupki-Djindjiritza
- Kamtchia
- Koupena
- Mantaritza
- Ouzounboudjak
- Parangalitza
- Srébarna
- Tchervenata sténa
- Tchoupréné
- Tsaritchina

CANADA
- Mont Saint Hilaire
- Waterton
- Long Point
- Riding Mountain
- Charlevoix
- Niagara Escarpment
- Clayoquot Sound
- Redberry Lake
- Lac Saint-Pierre
- Mount Arrowsmith
- South West Nova
- Thousand Islands - Frontenac Arch
- Georgian Bay Littoral
- Manicouagan Uapishka
- Fundy

CROATIA
- Velebit Mountain

CZECH REPUBLIC
- Krivoklátsko
- Trebon Basin
- Lower Morava
- Palava
- Sumava
- Bílé Karpathy
- Krkokonose Transboundary BR (Czech Rep/Poland)

CZECH REP/POLAND
- Krkokonose/Karkonosze

DENMARK
- North-East Greenland

ESTONIA
- West Estonian Archipelago

FINLAND
- North Karelian
- Archipelago Sea Area

FRANCE
- Commune de Fakarava
- Atoll de Taiaro
- Vallée du Fango
- Camargue (delta du Rhône)
- Cévennes
- Iroise
- Mont Ventoux
- Archipel de la Guadeloupe
- Luberon
- Pays de Fontainebleau
- Vosges du Nord/Pfälzerwald Transboundary BR (France/Germany)

GERMANY
- Flusslandschaft Elbe
- Vessertal-Thüringen Forest
- Berchtesgaden Alps
- Wadden Sea and Hallig Islands of Schleswig-Holstein
- Schorfheide-Chorin
- Spreewald
- Rügen
- Rhön
- Waddensea of Lower Saxony
- Waddensea of Hamburg
- Oberlausitzer Heide- und Teichlandschaft
- Schaalsee
- Pfälzerwald Transboundary BR (France/Germany)
- Biosphäre Bliesgau
- Swabian Alb

GREECE
- Gorge of Samaria
- Mount Olympus

HUNGARY
- Aggtelek
- Hortobágy
- Kiskunság
- Lake Fertö
- Pilis

IRELAND
- North Bull Island
- Killarney

ISRAEL
- Mount Carmel

ITALY
- Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo
- Circeo
- Miramare
- Cilento and Vallo di Diano
- Somma-Vesuvio and Miglio d'Oro
- Valle del Ticino
- Tuscan Islands
- Selva Pisana

LATVIA
- North Vidzeme

MONTENEGRO
- Tara River Basin

NETHERLANDS
- Waddensea Area

POLAND
- Babia Gora
- Bialowieza
- Lukajno Lake
- Slowinski
- Puszcza Kampinoska
- West Polesie
- Karkonosze Transboundary BR (Czech Rep/Poland)
- East Carpathians Transboundary BR (Poland/Slovakia/Ukraine)
- Tatra Transboundary BR (Poland/Slovakia)
- Tuchola Forest

PORTUGAL
- Paúl do Boquilobo
- Corvo Island
- Graciosa Island
- Flores Island
- Geres
- Xures Transboundary BR (Portugal/Spain)

ROMANIA
- Pietrosul Mare
- Retezat
- Danube Delta Transboundary BR (Romania/Ukraine)

RUSSIA
- Kavkazskiy
- Okskiy
* Sikhote-Alin
- Tsentral'nochernozem
- Astrakhanskiy
- Kronotskiy
- Laplandskiy
- Pechoro-llychskiy
- Sayano-Shushenskiy
- Sokhondinskiy
- Voronezhskiy
- Tsentral'nolesnoy
- Baikalskyi
- Tzentralnosibirskii
- Chernyje Zemli
- Taimyrsky
- Ubsunorskaya Kotlovina
- Daursky
- Teberda
- Katunsky
- Prioksko-Terrasnyi
- Barguzinskyi
- Nerusso-Desnianskoe-Polesie
- Visimskiy
- Vodlozersky
- Commander Islands
- Darvinskiy
- Nijegorodskoe Zavolje
- Smolensk Lakeland
- Ugra
- Far East Marine
- Kedrovaya Pad
- Kenozersky
- Valdaishy
- Khankaiskiy
- Middle-Volga Integrated
- Great Volzhsko-Kamsky
- Altaisky

SERBIA
- Golija-Studenica

SLOVAKIA
- Slovenský Kras
- Polana
- Tatra Transboundary BR (Poland/Slovakia)
- East Carpathians Transboundary BR (Poland/Slovakia/Ukraine)

SLOVENIA
- Julian Alps
- The Karst
- Kozjansko & Obsotelje

SPAIN
- Grazalema
- Ordesa-Viñamala
- Montseny
* Doñana
- Mancha Húmeda
- Las Sierras de Cazorla y Segura
- Marismas del Odiel
- La Palma
- Urdaibai
- Sierra Nevada
- Cuenca Alta del Río Manzanares
- Lanzarote
- Menorca
- Sierra de las Nieves y su Entorno
- Cabo de Gata-Nijar
- Isla de El Hierro
- Bardenas Reales
- Muniellos
- Somiedo
- Redes
- Las Dehesas de Sierra Morena
- Terras do Miño
- Valle de Laciana
- Picos de Europa
- Monfragüe
- Valles del Jubera, Leza, Cidacos y Alhama
- Babia
- Área de Allariz
- Gran Canaria
- Sierra del Rincón
- Los Valles de Omaña y Luna
- Alto de Bernesga
- Los Argüellos
- Os Ancares Lucenses y Montes de Cervantes, Navia y Becerrea
- Los Ancares Leoneses
- Las Sierras de Béjar y Francia
- Intercontinental BR of the Mediterranean
- Río Eo, Oscos y Terras de Buron
- Fuerteventura
- Geres - Xures Transboundary BR (Portugal/Spain)

SWEDEN
- Kristianstad Vattenrike
- Lake Vänern Archipelago

SWITZERLAND
- Parc Suisse
- Entlebuch

TURKEY
- Camili

UKRAINE
- Chernomorskiy
- Askaniya-Nova
- Carpathian
- Shatskiy
- Dunaisky Transboundary BR (Romania - Ukraine)
- East Carpathians Transboundary BR (Poland/Slovakia/Ukraine)
- Desnianskyi

UNITED KINGDOM
- Beinn Eighe
- Braunton Burrows-North Devon
- Cairnsmore of Fleet
- Biosffer Dyfi
- Loch Druidibeg
- Moor House-Upper Teesdale
- North Norfolk Coast
- Silver Flowe-Merrick Kells

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
- Aleutian Islands
- Big Bend
- Cascade Head
- Central Plains
* Channel Islands
- Coram
* Denali
- Desert
- Everglades & Dry Tortugas
- Fraser
- Glacier
- H.J. Andrews
- Hubbard Brook
- Jornada
- Luquillo
- Noatak
- Olympic
- Organ Pipe Cactus
* Rocky Mountain
- San Dimas
- San Joaquin
- Sequoia-Kings Canyon
- Stanislaus-Tuolumne
- Three Sisters
* Virgin Islands
* Yellowstone
- Beaver Creek
- Konza Prairie
- Niwot Ridge
- University of Michigan Biological Station
- Virginia Coast
- Hawaiian Islands
- Isle Royale
- Big Thicket
- Guanica
- California Coast Ranges
- Central Gulf Coast Plain
- South Atlantic Coastal Plain
- Mojave and Colorado Deserts
- Carolinian-South Atlantic
- Glacier Bay-Admiralty Is.
- Golden Gate
- New Jersey Pinelands
- Southern Appalachian
- Champlain-Adirondak
- Mammoth Cave Area
- Land Between The Lakes Area

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN 109 biosphere reserves in 19 countries

ARGENTINA
- San Guillermo
- Laguna Blanca
- Costero del Sur
- Ñacuñán
- Laguna de Pozuelos
- Yabotí
- Mar Chiquita
- Delta del Paraná
- Riacho Teuquito
- Laguna Oca del Río Paraguay
- Las Yungas
- Andino Norpatagonica
- Pereyra Iraola

BOLIVIA
- Pilón-Lajas
- Ulla Ulla
- Beni

BRAZIL
- Mata Atlântica (including Sao Paulo Green Belt)
- Cerrado
- Pantanal
- Caatinga
- Central Amazon
- Espinhaço Range

CHILE
- Fray Jorge
- Juan Fernández
- Torres del Paine
- Laguna San Rafael
- Lauca
- Araucarias
- La Campana-Peñuelas
- Cabo de Hornos
- Bosques Templados Lluviosos de los Andes Australes

COLOMBIA
- Cinturón Andino
- El Tuparro
- Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
- Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
- Seaflower

COSTA RICA
- La Amistad
- Cordillera Volcánica Central
- Aqua y Paz

CUBA
- Sierra del Rosario
- Cuchillas del Toa
- Península de Guanahacabibes
- Baconao
- Ciénaga de Zapata
- Buenavista

DOMINICAN REP.
- Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo

ECUADOR
- Archipiélago de Colón (Galápagos)
- Yasuni
- Sumaco
- Podocarpus-El Condor

EL SALVADOR
- Apaneca-Llamatepec
- Xiriualtique Jiquitizco

GUATEMALA
- Maya
- Sierra de las Minas

HONDURAS
- Río Plátano

MEXICO
- Mapimí
- La Michilía
- Montes Azules
- El Cielo
- Sian Ka'an
- Sierra de Manantlán
- Región de Calakmul
- El Triunfo
- El Vizcaíno
- Alto Golfo de California
- Islas del Golfo de California
- Sierra Gorda
- Banco Chinchorro
- Sierra La Laguna
- Ría Celestún
- Ría Lagartos
- Arrecife Alacranes
- Barranca de Metztilán
- Chamela-Cuixmala
- Cuatrociénegas
- Cumbres de Monterrey
- Huatulco
- La Encrucijada
- La Primavera
- La Sepultura
- Laguna Madre y Delta de Rió Bravo
- Los Tuxtlas
- Maderas del Carmen, Coahuila
- Mariposa Monarca
- Pantanos de Centla
- Selva El Ocote
- Sierra de Huautla
- Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano
- Volcán Tacaná
- Sierra de Alamos - Río Cuchujaqui
- Isla Marietas
- Lagunas de Montebello
- Naha-Metzabok
- Los Volcanes
- Maria's Island

NICARAGUA
- Bosawas
- Río San Juan
- Ometepe Island

PANAMA
- Darién
- La Amistad

PARAGUAY
- Bosque Mbaracayú
- El Chaco

PERU
- Huascarán
- Manu
- Noroeste
- Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha

URUGUAY
- Bañados del Este

VENEZUELA
- Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare
- Delta del Orinoco